The EPA has found through multiple studies that indoor air is typically two to five times more polluted than outdoor air. This is counterintuitive because we tend to think of air pollution as a car exhaust problem, something outside. But for most people in developed countries, the places they spend the most time are inside homes, schools, offices, and cars.
Building materials and furniture off-gas VOCs, particularly when new. Formaldehyde is released from pressed wood products like particleboard and MDF, which are used in most furniture, cabinets, and flooring. New carpet and synthetic flooring also off-gas VOCs for months after installation.
Gas stoves have become a significant indoor air quality concern. Research published in 2022 found that gas stoves leak methane continuously, even when turned off. When in use they produce nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and fine particulate matter. A major analysis estimated that indoor NO2 from gas stoves is associated with approximately 12.7 percent of childhood asthma in the US.
What to Do
- Open windows when outdoor air quality allows; cross ventilation is most effective
- Run kitchen exhaust fan whenever cooking, especially on a gas stove
- Get a HEPA air purifier for your bedroom at minimum
- Avoid synthetic plug-in air fresheners and heavily scented candles
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